The structural characteristics of arch bridge steel structures mainly include the following aspects:

Force characteristics: The main force characteristic of arch bridges is that their components are mainly under compression, rather than tension or bending. Under vertical loads, the supports at both ends of the arch have horizontal thrust in addition to vertical reaction force, which greatly reduces the bending moment and shear force in the arch, mainly under compression. This stress characteristic makes arch bridges more efficient in material utilization, being able to fully utilize the compressive strength of the material.

Structural form: The steel structure of arch bridges usually includes arch rings or arch ribs as the main load-bearing structure. A well-designed arch bridge can fully utilize materials with high compressive strength but poor tensile strength, such as stone or concrete. Arch bridges are thrust structures, and their pier and abutment foundations must withstand strong arch foot thrust, so the requirements for the foundation are high, suitable for bridge sites with good geological and foundation conditions.

Material utilization: Compared with reinforced concrete bridges, arch bridges can save a lot of steel and cement. This is because the arch structure mainly bears pressure, and can fully utilize the compressive strength of the material, without needing excessive tensile or bending materials. In addition, the processing and construction materials of arch bridges are relatively low in cost and can exert the greatest mechanical properties.

Construction difficulty: The construction of arch bridges is relatively complex, and requires accurate calculations and construction techniques to ensure the stability and safety of the structure. Due to its force characteristics, arch bridges have high requirements for the foundation, and detailed geological exploration and foundation treatment work are required before construction.